2026 WAEC CIVIC EDUCATION LIKELY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Correct Option: B
Explanation: Morality, which refers to principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior, is a fundamental prerequisite for orderliness in any society as it guides ethical conduct and respect for rules.
2) National symbols are also referred to as symbols of national (a) co-operation (b) identity (c) unity (d) development
Correct Option: B
Explanation: National symbols (like flags, anthems, or coats of arms)primarily serve as representations of a nation's unique identity, history, and values, fostering a sense of belonging and shared heritage among its citizens.
3) Law of libel and defamation of character violates right to freedom of (a) fair bearing (b) religion (c) expression (d) association
Correct Option: C
Explanation: Laws against libel and defamation of character impose limitations on the freedom of expression, preventing individuals from making false statements that harm the reputation of others. This shows that freedom of expression is not absolute and has legal boundaries.
4) Who among the following is not a foremost Nigerian nationalist? (a) Sir
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (b) Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe (c) General Yakubu Gowon (d) Chief Obafemi Awolowo
Correct Option: C
Explanation: Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, and Chief Obafemi Awolowo were prominent figures in Nigeria's nationalist movement, actively campaigning for independence. General Yakubu Gowon, while a significant historical figure, came to prominence after independence as a military head of state, not as a leading nationalist.
5) The major reason for the enactment of traffic regulations is to (a) make sure people travel for business purpose (b) arrest traffic offenders and violators (c) ensure safety and allow easy flow of traffic (d) ensure the sustenance and longevity of the roads
Correct Option: C
Explanation: Traffic regulations are primarily enacted to ensure the safety of all road users
(pedestrians, drivers, and passengers) and to facilitate the orderly and efficient flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
6) The basic responsibility of parents is (a) providing necessities of life for the children (b) buying expensive gifts for the children (c) sending the children abroad for quality education (d) visiting sites for attraction withthe children
Correct Option: A
Explanation: The fundamental responsibility of parents is to provide their children with the basic necessities of life, which include food, shelter, clothing, education, and healthcare, to ensure their well-being and development.
7) The attitude that prevents peaceful resolution of inter-communal conflict is (a) conciliation (b) resentment (c) dialogue (d) mediation
Correct Option: B
Explanation: Resentment, which is bitterness or indignation at having been
treated unfairly, can act as a significant barrier to the peaceful
resolution of conflicts because it fosters animosity and an unwillingness to
compromise or forgive.
8) The zeal shown by the youths of Upe village is a manifestation of (a) community service (b) political participation (c) national development (d) town planning
Correct Option: A
Explanation: The youths of Upe village meeting to build a market complex for the benefit of their community demonstrates a strong commitment to community service, which involves voluntary actions taken to improve the well-being of the local area.
9) The youth who took part in the various building projects in Upe village are said to be (a) reliable (b) self-reliant (c) hardworking (d) selfless
Correct Option: D
Explanation: The act of voluntarily building a market complex for the benefit of the entire community, without apparent personal gain, exemplifies selflessness – showing more concern for the needs and wishes of others than for one's own.
10) Which of the following sets of agencies are responsible for checking road
worthiness of vehicles? (a) The Federal Road Safety Corps and Vehicle
Inspection Office (b) The Police and National Security and Civil Defence
Corps (c) Federal Road Safety Corps and the Nigerian Army (d) The Nigerian
Army and Vehicle Inspection Office Correct Option: A Explanation: In many
countries, including Nigeria, the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) and the
Vehicle Inspection Office (VIO) are the primary agencies responsible for
ensuring vehicles are roadworthy and for enforcing road safety regulations.
11) Which of the following may not be vested with a constituted authority? (a) a
family (b) a mob (c) a school (d) the state Correct Option: B Explanation: A
mob, by its very nature, is an unruly and disorganized crowd that acts
without formal or legitimate authority. In contrast, a family, a school, and
the state all have recognized structures of authority.
12) An individual who finds it difficult to do without intake of prohibited
substances is (a) a human trafficker (b) an armed robber (c) a drug dealer
(d) a kidnapper Correct Option: C Explanation: An individual who struggles
to function without consuming prohibited substances is likely a drug addict,
often associated with the term "drug dealer" in a broader sense of being
involved with drugs, though "drug addict" would be more precise for the
described dependency.
13) Which of the following is not a method of recruiting victims for human
trafficking? (a) Deceit (b) Threat (c) Application (d) Abduction Correct
Option: C Explanation: Deceit, threat, and abduction are common coercive
methods used by traffickers to recruit victims. "Application" implies a
voluntary and legitimate process, which is generally not how human
trafficking victims are recruited, as it involves exploitation.
14) The law protecting certain individuals from being prosecuted is called (a)
penal code (b) constitutional protection. (c) immunity clause (d) legal
rights Correct Option: C Explanation: An immunity clause is a provision,
often found in a constitution or specific laws, that grants certain
individuals (like heads of state) protection from legal prosecution for
specific actions or during their tenure.
15) We can conclude that the mother of the boy putting on a face cap in the
cartoon in Fig.1 is a (a) religious mother (b) responsible parent (c)
wealthy person (d) child activist Correct Option: B Explanation: The cartoon
depicts a mother encouraging her child towards "CIVIC EDUCATION," suggesting
she is guiding him towards positive development and responsibility, which
are characteristics of a responsible parent.
16) The effect of the interaction as captured in the cartoon in Fig. 1 in
relation to Civic Education is (a) mass mobilization (b) pressure group (c)
peer pressure (d) popular participation Correct Option: D Explanation: The
interaction shows a child being directed towards civic education. This
foundational learning is key to developing individuals who will later engage
in popular participation—active involvement in the political and social life
of their community and nation.
17) We can make inference from the response of the boy wearing short pants in
the cartoon in Fig. 1 that he (a) needs the knowledge of Civic Education (b)
became industrious through empowerment (c) gets financial support from his
family (d) lacks moral care of a responsible parent Correct Option: A
Explanation: The boy's thought bubbles show him thinking about playing
football and using a laptop, indicating interests that might distract him
from "CIVIC EDUCATION." This implies he needs the knowledge and guidance
that civic education provides to balance his interests with civic
responsibilities.
18) Which of the following is not an advisable way through which the orientation
of the boy wearing short pants in the cartoon in fig. I can be corrected?
(a) Subjecting him to harsh positive measures (b) impacting an effective
Civic Education in him (c) He needs morally upright and responsible
parenting (d) An effective guidance and counselling section Correct Option:
A Explanation: "Harsh positive measures" is contradictory and generally not
an advisable approach for correcting a child's orientation. Positive
measures should be constructive and encouraging, not harsh. Effective civic
education, morally upright parenting, and guidance/counseling are all
advisable.
19) Limitation to the right of life can be found in the case of (a) an
imprisoned person (b) a kidnapped person (c) a condemned person (d) a
trafficked person Correct Option: C Explanation: In legal systems where
capital punishment is practiced, a condemned person (one sentenced to death)
faces the ultimate limitation to their right to life, as the state exercises
its power to end their existence.
20) In which of the following do citizens have equal rights? Right to (a)
freedom to movement (b) freedom from discrimination (c) free education (d)
form or join any political party Correct Option: B Explanation: A
fundamental principle of modern democracies and human rights is the right to
freedom from discrimination, meaning all citizens should be treated equally
regardless of background, ensuring equal opportunities and protections.
21) Interest and willingness to participate in the affairs of a nation are forms
of (a) popular participation (b) national consciousness (c) political party
(d) citizenship education Correct Option: B Explanation: Interest and
willingness to participate in national affairs are strong indicators of
national consciousness, which is a sense of shared identity, unity, and
responsibility among citizens towards their nation.
22) The societal means that represents the overall attitude of the people in a
society is called (a) group values (b) general values (c) religious values
(d) personal values Correct Option: B Explanation: "General values" best
describes the societal means that represents the overall attitude of the
people in a society. These are widely accepted principles and standards that
guide the collective behavior and judgments within a community or nation.
23) The speaker quoted above must have fought hard for national (a) prosperity
(b) recognition (c) development (d) independence Correct Option: D
Explanation: The quote, "My country is now free," by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe,
directly indicates his tireless struggle and efforts to achieve national
independence from colonial rule.
24) Irresponsible parenting has the tendency of (a) encouraging egoistic
tendencies (b) preserving of culture (c) promoting of positive values (d)
promoting peaceful co-existence Correct Option: A Explanation: Irresponsible
parenting, characterized by neglect or excessive indulgence, can lead to the
development of egoistic tendencies in children, where they become overly
self-centered and lack consideration for others.
25) Which of the following is a cause of political apathy in Nigeria? (a)
Adequate citizenship education (b) a free and fair election (d) Biased
electoral umpires (d) adequate political awareness Correct Option: C
Explanation: Biased electoral umpires (or electoral bodies perceived as
biased) can significantly erode public trust in the electoral process,
leading to disillusionment and political apathy among citizens who feel
their votes do not matter.
26) Representation of Nigerians in the senate is (a) proportional (b) collegial
(c) equal (d) unequal Correct Option: C Explanation: In many senates (upper
legislative chambers, like in Nigeria), representation is often designed to
be equal for each constituent unit (e.g., states), regardless of population
size, ensuring that smaller units have an equal voice.
27) Identify the odd one from the list below in relation to citizenship
obligations (a) payment of tax (b) right to personal liberty (c) protection
of public utilities (d) obedience to the law Correct Option: B Explanation:
"Right to personal liberty" is a fundamental right of a citizen, whereas
payment of tax, protection of public utilities (by not damaging them), and
obedience to the law are all examples of citizenship obligations or duties.
28) According to the 1999 constitution as amended, sovereignty belongs to the
(a) president who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (b)
people from whom government derives its power and authority (c) National
Assembly which has power to make laws and amend the constitution (d)
judiciary which interprets the laws of the state Correct Option: B
Explanation: A core principle of democratic constitutions, like
Nigeria's 1999 Constitution, is that sovereignty ultimately resides with the
people, from whom the government derives all its power and authority.
29) Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that
all human beings (a) have freedom of movement (b) are born free and equal
(c) should be free from torture (d) have the right to recognition Correct
Option: B Explanation: Article 1 of the UDHR explicitly states: "All human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood."
30) The statement "If you cannot beat them, join them" is an indication of a
society that is (a) ethically upright (b) morally degenerated (c)
politically disintegrated (d) socially regenerated Correct Option: B
Explanation: The statement "If you cannot beat them, join them" often
implies a willingness to abandon moral principles or integrity to align with
a corrupt or problematic system, which indicates a morally degenerated
society.
31) Through which of the following means can the effect of the above quotation
on the society be rectified? (a) Compulsory communal service (b)
Strengthening of the constitution (c) Reorientation of values (d)
Distribution of relief materials during emergency Correct Option: C
Explanation: To counteract the negative implication of "If you cannot beat
them, join them," a societal reorientation of values is necessary to
emphasize integrity, ethical conduct, and resistance to corruption, rather
than succumbing to it.
32) Interpersonal relationship is promoted through the following ways except (a)
confrontation (b) healthy competition (c) cooperation (d) communal living
Correct Option: A Explanation: Confrontation, while sometimes necessary, is
generally not a way to promote positive interpersonal relationships; it
often creates tension and can damage existing bonds. Healthy competition,
cooperation, and communal living typically foster stronger relationships.
33) An activity meant to promote the interest of a country is (a) Unitarianism
(b) communism (c) communalism (d) nationalism Correct Option: D Explanation:
Nationalism is an ideology and movement characterized by the promotion of
the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and
maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland.
34) Democracy is important because it (a) accommodates popular participation (b)
accommodates political party (c) encourages operational bureaucracy (d)
breeds ethnic competition and rivalry Correct Option: A Explanation: A key
strength and importance of democracy is its ability to accommodate and
encourage popular participation, allowing citizens to have a voice in their
governance and contribute to public life.
35) Which of the following criminal acts is not commonly perpetrated by cult members? (a) prostitution (b) money laundering (c) corruption (d) violence
Correct Option: A
Explanation: While cult members may engage in various criminal activities such as violence, corruption, and money laundering, prostitution is not typically listed as a primary or commonly associated criminal act of cult groups themselves.
36) From the above dialogue, noticeable symptoms Tim must have observed about
Jim include the following except (a) profuse night sweats (b) persistent
diarrhea (c) increase in appetite (d) unusual fatigue Correct Option: C
Explanation: Jim's statement "You suffer other noticeable symptoms which
makes me suspicious of your status" suggests symptoms commonly associated
with HIV/AIDS, such as night sweats, persistent diarrhea, and unusual
fatigue. An increase in appetite is generally not a common symptom; rather,
loss of appetite and weight loss are more typical.
37) Individuals like Jim in the story above who believe HIV carriers are
selective, can get enlightenment through (a) effective praying and fasting
(b) youth empowerment programme (c) sex and civic education (d) popular
participation Correct Option: C Explanation: Jim's belief that HIV carriers
are "selective" (implying certain types of people get it) indicates a lack
of accurate information. Comprehensive sex and civic education would provide
correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission, prevention, and the
non-discriminatory nature of the disease.
38) Which of the following is not a function of the judicial arm of government?
(a) interpretation of law (b) Judicial review (c) Checking of arbitrariness
(d) initiation of bills Correct Option: D Explanation: The initiation of
bills (legislation) is primarily the function of the legislative arm of
government. The judicial arm interprets laws, conducts judicial review, and
checks arbitrariness in government actions.
39) The officials of the administrative agency of the state that are most active in governance belong to the (a) legislative organ (b) judicial organ (c) executive organ (d) civil societies
Correct Option: C
Explanation: The "administrative agency of the state" refers to the bureaucracy and various departments responsible for implementing laws and policies. These fall under the executive arm of government, which is most active in the day-to-day governance.
40) The major reason some Nigerian youths join cult groups is (a) inadequate
religious and moral instruction (b) poor welfare programme for students (c)
inadequate support from guardians and parents (d) prevalence of corruption
among political elites Correct Option: D Explanation: While all options
contribute, the prevalence of corruption among political elites can
significantly motivate youths to join cult groups. When young people see
that illicit means are often rewarded or overlooked in society, it can
undermine their faith in legitimate paths and draw them to groups that offer
perceived power or protection.
41) All the following are aims of youth empowerment schemes except (a) reduction
of youth delinquency (b) promotion of self-reliance (c) maximization of
profit (d) building of self-esteem Correct Option: C Explanation: Youth
empowerment schemes primarily focus on personal and social
development—reducing delinquency, promoting self-reliance, and building
self-esteem. "Maximization of profit" is a commercial objective and
typically not a direct aim of such social programs.
42) A situation where only 35% of over 80 million registered voters participated
in a general election, is an indication of political (a) instability (b)
exclusiveness (c) apathy (d) socialization Correct Option: C Explanation: A
low voter turnout (35% in this case) in a general election among a large
pool of registered voters is a clear indication of political apathy, meaning
a lack of interest or concern about political matters.
43) The organizations working against dictatorship and mounting of campaigns for
effective civil rule are called (a) professional bodies (b) religious
institutions (c) political parties (d) civil societies Correct Option: D
Explanation: Civil society organizations (CSOs) are typically independent of
the state and often play a crucial role in advocating for democratic
principles, human rights, and effective civil rule, including campaigning
against dictatorship.
44) In a democratic government structure, the portion marked x in the diagram in
Fig. 2 is occupied by the (a) press (b) judiciary (c) civil societies (d)
political parties Correct Option: B Explanation: The diagram shows
"Presidency" (Executive) and "National Assembly" (Legislature). In a typical
democratic structure with separation of powers, the third arm, marked 'x',
would be the Judiciary.
45) The major function of the activity of the occupiers of the portion marked x
in the diagram in fig. 2 is to (a) interpret laws (b) execute policies (c)
make by-laws (d) formulate policies Correct Option: A Explanation: Since 'x'
represents the Judiciary, its major function is to interpret laws, ensuring
they are applied correctly and fairly, and to determine their
constitutionality.
46) Which of the following is not a problem of civil society? (a) leadership
struggle (b) poor funding (c) planning to capture political power (d)
embezzlement of fund Correct Option: C Explanation: Civil society
organizations are distinct from political parties; their role is generally
to influence policy and advocate for social change, not to "plan to capture
political power." Leadership struggles, poor funding, and embezzlement can,
however, be internal problems for CSOs.
47) One of the major complaints against the public service is (a) inefficiency
(b) victimization (c) discrimination (d) election rigging Correct Option: A
Explanation: While victimization and discrimination can occur,
"inefficiency" is a pervasive and frequently cited complaint against public
service, often characterized by slow processes, bureaucracy, and poor
service delivery. Election rigging is primarily a political problem, not a
characteristic of public service (administration).
48) From which of the following sources are constitutional provisions not
derived? (a) statutory sources (b) customary sources (c) judicial precedents
(d) story books Correct Option: D Explanation: Constitutional provisions are
derived from statutory laws, customary practices, and judicial precedents
(previous court decisions). Story books, being fictional or narrative works,
are not a source of legal or constitutional provisions.
49) The head of the judicial arm of government in Nigeria is the (a) chief
justice (b) supreme leader (c) Chief of Staff (d) Chief Magistrate Correct
Option: A Explanation: In Nigeria, and many other common law jurisdictions,
the head of the judicial arm of government is the Chief Justice, who
presides over the Supreme Court and is responsible for the overall
administration of the judiciary.
50) The composition of the National Assembly of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
could be termed (a) unicameral (b) collegial (c) bicameral (d) hierarchical
Correct Option: C Explanation: The National Assembly of Nigeria is
bicameral, meaning it consists of two legislative chambers: the Senate
(upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house).
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